Storyboard- Planning

Online PowerPoint version- in case the slide share format is unable to be seen

Evaluation- what I learnt
From doing this storyboard, it gave us the finalised overview of what our opening sequence will include as well as showing us what the main shots is needed to be done to prove the Thriller worth of our opening sequence. This storyboard taught us the importance of proving our creative skills in our teaser trailer therefore we hope to use our time effectively in order to produce a worthy, satisfying Psychological-Thriller opening sequence.

Possible background music tracks- chosen ones with explanations

Possible background music tracks

Music- we have chosen selected

Planning- Location Planning

Planning- Script

Evaluation- what I learnt
From this lost diary entries, this will give me the chance to know what the voice over of the 'Diary Entries' would be and this allowed to have a USP through the format of the script as well as the catchphrase 'The exclusive limited edition' which helps display the thriller-tastic feeling of the opening sequence.

Planning- Prop and Costume

Evaluation- what I learnt
From doing this props and costume research, we learned the importance of clothing and how this plays an significant role of portraying a certain feeling. As we want to incorporate realism in our Thriller film, we think it is more appropriate for the characters to wear casual wear especially if we want to portray teenagers in a particular way as well as attracting the teen target market as they will relate to the characters.

I also did not write the props and costume planning digitally as props and costumes will not hold a significant role in my Psychological- Thriller opening sequence. But, this will only play a significant role when J, the female antagonist, will be wearing a dress which is what she will say in one of her paragraphs. Similarly, in the killing scenes, W will have a cloth on top of his face which will help convey the theme of innocence and purity as the cloth is white.

American companies

Evaluate- what I learnt
Through this research of American companies, I learnt the importance of distribution and marketing a media product for the audience. This task also helped me know what types of films tend to be enjoyed by the audience and why they would like a particular media product over another type of product. This task had also helped me know that American films tend to be shown in British cinemas over other foreign films due to the close relationship the US has with the UK. So, it can be said that globalisation and 'Americanisation' has impacted the film industry and if I would want a successful film, I should display conventional American features.

Character profile and Actor/ess Profile

Evaluation- what we/I learnt

From doing this character profile, we learnt the importance of giving a different portrayal to individual characters which will enable the audience to have different perceptions of what they think of the characters. But, J is not going to be in the opening sequence of our film as much, so it will be difficult to fully understand J give an interpretation of him. But, this character profile has gave us an idea of what we hope the different characters to be like.

The Actor/ess Profile, or the casting list, gave us what ethnicity is going to be presented predominately in our opening sequence. As our area is very multi-cultural, we wanted to display multiculturalism, especially people from Asian Descent, in our opening sequence as they are generally presented negatively in the media. So, both the character profile and actor/ess profile has allowed me to know what I, as a Director, want specifically in my opening sequence as well as whether or not I want to subvert or conform to Thriller film code and conventions regardless of my opening sequence being of a hybrid genre.

BBFC

Explain the role of BBFC

The role of BBFC is giving films the correct age rating and they ‘bring uniformity to the classification of film nationally’. They were set up in 1912, the year when the film industry developed nationally and internationally. 

Research film classification and what the guidelines for each one

Find at least 3 films that are similar to yours and explain why they have those particular ratings. 

Animal Kingdom came out 2010; Joshua 'J' Cody lives with his estranged grandmother after his mother overdoses whereby he joins the crime world via the influence of his family.

Animal Kingdom is a Crime Drama that has a rating of '15' because it contains strong language, violence and drug use whereby it wouldn't be suitable for children below this age range as there will more likely to be offended by the contentions and denotations of the film which will lower the chance of them getting engaged with their film. Therefore, these are the queries and questions we must take forward when we are filming our own Thriller opening sequence.

Halloween came out in 1978; Laurie Strode, who is the best used example of Clover's final girl, does not realise that Mike Myers has not given up on her and he is close to finally devouring his last victim.

Halloween is a well-known Horror film that has a rating of '18' because it contains great emphasis of violence and sex which would not be appropriate for children under this age rating of 18. Even though blood and gore are generally left to your imagination and how you would react to it, there are numerous slayings and stabbings which would not be suitable for people under the age of eighteen at all. Therefore, these evident features of an 18 rated film should be taken into account when we have to decide what age rating we would like to give our Thriller film.

Kidulthood came out 2006 ; it is about the 'social experience' of being a teenager whereby 'bullying, drugs and sexual activity and fighting presented as a daily norm'.

Kidulthood is a Drama film that has a rating of '15' because it contains strong language, violence, sex references and drug use, which are obviously not appropriate for young children because words like 'c**t' would offend the audience below this age range and these characters are roughly around the 15-17 age range therefore the audience would more likely to emphasise and understand if they were at this age range. But, the reason why this film is not '18' is because it doesn't show a great emphasis of sex reference, drug use and violence which will be needed to classify a film as '18'.

Evaluation- what I/We(Individually as well as a group) learnt

From researching about the BBFC, their ratings and what films are similar to us, my group and I learnt films that are similar to us through different components but we hope to incorporate all of the fundamental elements in our Thriller opening sequence. We hope to incorporate social issues from Kidulthood, the sadistic nature of the antagonist from Halloween and the themes portrayed in Animal Kingdom.

Casting list

Evaluation- what I learnt
From doing this particular task, I learnt the importance of selecting characters for my Psychological-Thriller opening sequence. As I had some difficulties with selecting a cast, this task allowed me to pick people that would display various Thriller code and conventions within the film as well as displaying any issues that are faced in society. So, I decided to pick people whom are close to me as well as being of an Asian descent which would allow the audience to understand the various issues that are faced by the characters of J and W.

Todorov's theory and what I need for my planning

Evaluate- what I learnt
This task taught me the importance of Todorov's narrative theory and how it must be clear that a film should follow this. But, in regards to my research and planning, this task also helped me figure out what it needed for me to ensure the effectiveness of my Psychological-Thriller opening sequence as there is a key list of features.

Research into other films on the market

The research conducted has helped give me an outline on what possible film competitors we will have to face in the film industry through various statistics and facts. The first research is extracted from the 'BFI Weekend Box Office Report between the 21-23 October' which helped me understand the different distributions of the top films as well as my given genre of 'Thriller' thus this will help my group figure out what distribution company we want for our opening sequence. The second research is extracted from 'Top 100 Action&Adventure Movies' from Rotten Tomatoes which helped me clearly see what are the top films in this genre as well as what possible code and conventions I can extract from these films to my own Thriller Opening Sequence. This research has helped us figure out on the importance of distribution, release dates as well as how we should dedicate our time to produce a better, more original work than the films in the box office right now and films that are going to be released the same time as us. There are multiple works(listed below) that will give us an idea of whether or not we want to conform to the stereotypes of any sub-genre listed here which will then enable us to figure out if we want a sub-genre or not. Thus, this research will help us greatly into what the audience generally likes and what we could do to engage the audience further.

Target audience and genre decision

After discussing with members of my group that who would we like our target audience to be and what genre we would like to pursue, we concluded that we wanted our opening sequence to be a psychological-thriller as this would be easy to construct and there are variety of codes and conventions that can be incorporated in our opening sequence. This decision was also made as this genre applies to everyone regardless of their gender or age for e.g. if our opening sequence was romance-comedy then it would only appeal to the female audience. Similarly, the reason why we did not pick the genre of action-thriller is because this would be difficult to construct and this also applies more to the male audience than it does with the female audience. As we did not want a disparity in our target audience, we wanted to appeal to everyone which the genre, psychological-thriller does.

In regards to our target audience, we wanted and believed the target audience of young adults and teenagers, with roughly around the age of 15 to 24, because we know their expectations and preferences as we are roughly around the same age. Also, with the research of psychological-thriller films, we found that they mostly have the age rating of '15' meaning they are aiming at young adults. As psychological-thriller tend to appeal to both females and males, we wouldn't need to alter the codes and conventions of the genre in our opening sequence as it appeals to both genders.

Mindmap

 First draft                         

Second draft- finalised copy- our idea listed here could potentially change but this is just a more realistic mindmap then what we did before. This mind map may be 'finalised' but it doesn't necessarily mean we will incorporate most or possibly all of these ideas to our Thriller opening sequence. 

Evaluation- what I learnt

When we first started putting our ideas in the mind map, we thought it would be enough and we would develop more ideas as our planning research progresses. But, this clearly was not the case as we didn't think logically and how much time it would to take to actually have a flashback in our opening sequence as well as not listing what we would have in the flashback. So, we decided to make a completely new mind map whereby it merely focuses on the technical side of the scenes we will have as well as their importance. Therefore, this second as well as finalised copy of our mind map will help us with our story board, shot list, cast list, any other planning and research task we are meant to complete as well as the evaluation of where we are meant to reflect on everything. So, it is fair to say that this mind map will help us produce the best, possible work. 

Shutter Island movie analysis- code and conventions found

Shutter Island(2010)- Psychological Thriller

Evaluation- what I learnt

This brief movie analysis of 'The Shutter Island' gave me a clear idea of how exactly films grip the audience, especially of a psychological thriller sub genre. It also taught me the importance of editing and sound which are clearly the most importance elements of film as they helped create the sense of uneasiness in the film. Therefore, I must concentrate on this element to help create an effective Thriller opening sequence and if I chose to pick the sub-genre of 'Psychological' then I would incorporate all the key code and conventions shown in the film into my opening sequence with the exact same feelings provoked in the film.

Preliminary task

Preliminary task

Evaluation
Our preliminary task has some strengths as well as flaws that let us down. We used various shots such as medium shot and long shot, which we asked to do and incorporated them all  correctly in our preliminary task so this shows a real understanding of what we were meant to do and enhanced our knowledge of these shots. We added tense music to create a certain mood, which was a very action atmosphere that was needed to be created was done fantastically as we had music to do so.

But, there were major significant drawbacks to our progression in this task. We failed to use one portrait orientation so this affected tremendously to the sequence of our project but the editing made this less obvious. The people who were shown in this project wore different clothes in the duration of the 2 minutes, which affected the mood of the project slightly and the intensity of the project. The major significant disadvantage was the clarity of the IPad as it made our preliminary task unprofessional and pathetic. But, these drawbacks can help us prevent situations like this happening to us in our final task.

If that doesn't work, the link to the video is:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r11EplJkPQc&feature=youtu.be

Questionnaire analysis

Evaluation- what I learnt
This questionnaire and analysing the answers we were given made us realise what exactly the audience wants. Therefore, as the audience are gripped by the plot, we must wrap all the answers given by this questionnaire around our plot to satisfy the needs of the people we asked as well as the wider audience by producing an excellent sub genre within Thriller of Horror-orientated(as well as other sub-genres of Thriller) opening sequence through everything the audience wants.

Questionnaire with commentary

Commentary
Our group had to create a questionnaire as it was a vital part of us knowing what we are going to do for our opening thriller project and we need to know how to interact with our age group in our film opening. We chose these questions specifically as they are easy to answer and they are the basic fundamental of our group developing our project as a whole. The questionnaire has enabled our group to know exactly what our story plot will be and how we will be able to interact with our target audience, and everyone as a whole.

Poster analysis

Thriller movie poster analysis

This poster has been printed using desktop publishing. The portrait movie poster of 'The Third Man' draws the audience's attention by it's eye-catchy, colourless title graphics because a colourless poster emphasises the darkness of the movie and tells the audience what the movie's genre is, just by the colour used in this poster, a thriller. The title graphics are 3/4 white and 1/4 black. Black symbolises evil, sorrow, death whereas white symbolises good, joy, life. The title graphics foreshadows the movie will portray good and bad fighting against each other and the amount of colours been used on the title graphics shows how much times good or bad side will win. The target audience is mostly likely to be adults, preferably middle aged adults on wards rather than other age groups because they are attracted to the tense, the thrill of the genre.

The key images been used on the poster is a man with a hard expression in his face. The colours been used in his face are black and white and there is a significantly more about of black on his face than there is white. This could tell the audience that he's 'The Third Man', the person who seems to be the villain in the movie that cannot be trusted. This image is been used because it's made to confuse the audience to thinking this person been used on the poster is the bad guy. The poster wants people to think differently to what will actually happen in the movie, the poster wants to draw the audience in by exaggerating what will actually happen in the movie, which will create tension in the audience's mind as into what will actually happen, which is a thriller code and convention.

The purpose of this poster to be presented into this way is to make the audience think the movie is scary, intimating but in reality the movie story plot could be completely different from what the poster portrays. The most important colours and the only colours really that are used in the poster are white and black. These colours are significant because it tells the audience that they'll be a constant fight between the force of good and evil throughout the movie. They were chosen so the audience knows more about the movie without giving too much away by displaying neutral colours. The poster makes me think the movie,by judging by the character's emotionless facial expression and titled head, will be about a man who has gone through some trouble and is tracking down the person who had done so. 

The positioning of the character seems to be slanted and his head is diagonally opposite the edge of the poster shows that he feels scared and intimidated in some way. There is probably something right in front of you that he is trying to hide from or someone he is going to kill that happens to be close to him. There isn't an enigma being presented in the poster.This picture has two pictures made into one, the first picture is the picture at the back and the second picture is the picture of the man. The background picture looks very spooky and makes it seem more horror like, like there is someone inhumane coming to get him and the second picture is the man himself. The man, who happens to be the main character of the movie(all posters display main characters or the most significant main character in the poster). The key image is a still image from the film, it is part of one of the most intense scenes in the movie, which is most prominent in the thriller genre.

This poster tells us there will be lots of action, the genre is thriller and the attitude of the film will be very negative, all of this came from the colours that was used in the poster itself and the character's facial expressions. There isn't a catch or tagline in the poster. The poster didn't list a website because it has made in the 20th century and websites didn't exist then. There isn't a certificate. The poster includes the credits and information. The poster displays people's names in the right hand side going down with a white font as it shows these are the good people in the movie who fight the bad. The written text does indicate the target audience by the font of the writing of 'The Third Man' is very organised and neat, which adults normally are. But if it was suitable for children then the font would be messy and unorganised.

The visual hierarchy is our eyes are drawn to the straight lines. The main image is the man's eye the audience looks directly at the eye first. The credits and production is at the bottom of the poster. The actors' names are at the top left hand side, going vertically down.

Opening sequence- Donnie Darko

Thriller opening- Donnie Darko

Donnie Darko is about a troubled teenager is plagues by visions of a large bunny rabbit that manipulates him to commit a series of crimes, after narrowly escaping a bizarre accident. This film is based on a scientific concept of tangent universe. The introduction focuses on our central protagonist, as in most films, with only slight indications of other key characters or events.

Code and conventions

The use of pathetic fallacy is used to strengthen the gloomy and ominous atmosphere of the opening sequence. For example, when Donnie was looking at the sky and the sky was very dark; which could foreshadow what will happen next and also more importantly how the story is like.

Usually in psychological thrillers, the most significant code and conventions portrayed continuously is the protagonist's reality, perception, mind, existence, identity and death. So far, we can see Donnie Darko's perception as he's looking around his surroundings like he's trying to search for something.

Sound

The opening sequence was mainly effective due to the extensive intense sound used. The sinister, orchestral music clearly emphasises the story plot. This non diegetic sound enables the audience to realise how isolated the protagonist is and the way he is acting is conveying his vulnerability extremely well. This is also conveyed through the addition use of a new setting showing where Donnie's occupation is and he is surrounded by lots of people; the use of rock, depressing song emphasises Donnie's mood.

Transition/editing

There are multiple fast and jerky edits used in this thriller opening and are often placed in non chronologically; which emphasises the protagonist's mentality. But, there are some slow edits used especially when Donnie is looking at the scenery; which could show that Donnie is astonished by the scenery the same way a child is thus showing how severe his mental state is; this creates enigma. This can often confuse the audience whilst simultaneously keeping them in suspense as they want to know more about the character thoroughly. There is a clear transition when the light is used to change the setting

Camera angles/shots and movements
In most thriller psychological opening sequences , they want us to have  a brief understanding of the main protagonist, which worked effectively through its camera angles and movements. The camera movements used thoroughly in this opening sequence is Pan(horizontal movement, left and right), which conveyed Donnie Darko's emotions and feelings. For example, the camera goes towards the tree and then we can see a helpless person laying down on the ground, which makes the audience question whether or not the person is dead, so already 20 seconds of the opening sequence has created tension. The other camera movement used is Follow(the camera physically follows the subject at a more or less constant distance). For example, the camera goes towards Donnie(very fast paced to low paced), which makes the audience wonder why he's on the floor thus automatically creating suspense and tension. After this, it goes around to convey his feeling. The shots that are used firstly is very blurry then becomes more visible. The long shot becomes closer to Donnie Darko. The over the shoulder shot is to show the audience what Donnie is looking at then automatically goes to a close up to convey his emotions and feelings about the scenery. There are some POV shot to give the audience a view on how Donnie is feeling
Mise en scene
Tension has been built mostly using the mise en scene. I will display different ways mise en scene has been conveyed to grip the audience's attention and undoubtedly leave them in a cliff hanger.

This appears to be in the middle of nowhere as there are no cars, houses or people nearby the person laying down the floor. This is the starting of the initial location of the film. This shot automatically creates tension because the audience are probably wondering why there is someone laying down on the floor in the middle of nowhere.

This shows Donnie is wearing his pyjamas and his bike is laying down the ground thus showing he wanted to get away from his surroundings. The sky shows that it is early in the morning(sunrise) therefore Donnie must have been away all night, which captivates the audience's attention into what drove Donnie to get away.

Donnie is familiar with his surroundings that is why he is smiling so secretly as his memory to this certain place is coming back to him, which makes the audience wonder how Donnie is like as this particular moment only gives a small portion on how Donnie is like. The scenery also gives some sinister feeling as the colour of the sky is purple; and purple usually represents evilness, which could in a way make us wonder if Donnie is the antagonist in the film. But it could be argued the reason why Donnie is smiling is because he possibly thinks that it is normal to be there- if this was a normal person, they would be wondering how they got there and this would be shown in their facial expression therefore the effect Donnie's expression gives to the audience is it makes them want to know more about Donnie so their worries about him is answered. 

This place is familiar to Donnie Darko because he is riding fast in these surroundings . This scene could be used as a wake-up call to Donnie's reality as the other scene was him relaxing whilst this is a very homey, busy place where routines are always the same.

Evaluation- what I learnt

I learnt the importance of shots, transitions, sound, mise en scene which help reinforce the code and conventions of the genre(in this aspect it is 'Thriller'), the atmosphere and could perhaps foreshadow what will happen further on the film. This analysis of the opening sequence of the film 'Donnie Darko' helps me understand what is needed in an opening sequence as well as giving me a rough idea of whether or not I would like to help explain the narrative of the film(or make it ambiguous- make the audience figure out what the narrative of the story is). Therefore, every single thing shown or heard in the opening sequence has to have a significance as with the Donnie Darko opening sequence.

Gender Representation in Thriller films

A study on gender representations in thriller films with analysis
In thriller movies, there is a clear division between male and female. In most thriller movies, men are the main protagonist that helps save the helpless woman whereby he is strong, protective, good-looking and he's allowed to look at women as an object for e.g. James Bond movies. Whereas, the woman are not independent(they need a masculine figure to survive), they are always the heroine, they are always pretty so they can be used as a object by the male. I will outline the gender representations in different thriller movies.

Firstly, the movie 'Brick' clearly emphasises the stereotypical view of how woman and men should be presented. This is shown at the start of the Thriller opening when the protagonist is praying with his hands clanked together tightly whilst this helpless, dead young female is on the floor, which shows that he feels angry that he failed to protect her perhaps is desire went before his protection for this girl. Similarly, the movie 'Drive' presents the protagonist to be dominant and has all the ultimate power through voice over and very intense music. The car mechanic refers the car as a 'woman' as the car is the protagonist's possession thus emphasising how woman are objects and are men's property.

Moreover, the thriller opening of the movie 'Heat' presents the protagonist to be mysterious as the audience is left with doubts in our mind what he is trying to stop due to the intense music. He obviously has the ultimate power through his gait, facial expressions and body language. This character is known to be one of the typical characters presented in thriller films.  Similarly, the
film 'Leon' presents men to deal things quickly through violence and terror, which inevitably makes them evil and dominant. These two movies haven't included women in the Thriller opening sequence, which shows the gender division of roles(Murdock)

Millers Crossing also presents the protagonist to be obsessed with money, and if anyone disrupts their money they would fight back through violence. In this movie, men are presented to be untrustworthy as business deals never has a finished solution but rather one benefits and the other doesn't. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy also presents their protagonist assessed to finish another man's business through a mission and conspiracy. It presents woman to be helpless as a young woman with a child gets shot but her baby is still alive, which makes us question why.

Whereas, Donnie Darko doesn't have any gender representations in the opening sequence as it presents the main protagonist, which is a male, to be helpless. He is unsure where he is when he is riding his bike but soon becomes more confident like any other person during his journey. This thriller movie opening takes away the stereotype of only woman to be seen as helpless. This movie thriller opening could be compared to 'Brick' as both Donnie Darko and the helpless woman were on the floor, which presents their status in society in some sense or even their authority in society.

Most of these movies identify men as being dominant, strong, brave and intelligent when comes to scenarios that occur. But in my thriller opening sequence we want to break the stereotype however this stereotype must be applied at our thriller opening to give the audience a clear description of how the main protagonist is like. The movie that gave us most inspiration for our thriller opening sequence is Donnie Darko as the main protagonist is helpless and meek but gains his confidence after, which in some sense, is the same for our main protagonist.

The movie Se7en presents male to be helpless and unworthy in the opening sequence through Morgan Freeman's fragile body laying down on the bed whilst he slowly flicks an arrow on a timer that creates tension, whether or not he is worthy of anything. Similarly, the thriller opening sequence of 'Bourne Identity' presents the main protagonist to be worthless and helpless as he is relying on men who bet occasionally to help his health gradually function properly, which makes us question men could be worthless as well as females.

The Thriller Opening Sequence 'The Machinist' presents the main protagonist to be strong, dominant and ruthless as his many scars and cuts in his face or in his body convey this stereotype of male characters being so. However, the opening sequence of the film 'The Silence of the Lambs' presents the female protagonist to be dominant and strong, which most movies do not present thus making the audience wonder why.

These movies from my own research helps me identify how our antagonist in our thriller opening sequence should be like. However, these movies have a clear distinction of the different ways of how men can be seen as dominant. The thriller opening sequence of 'The Machinist' and the 'Silence of the Lambs' give me a clear overview of how our killer, a peculiar antagonist should be presented however the characters don't know who the killer is but we, as the audience, know who the killer is as the killer presents itself at the end of the Thriller opening sequence.

Long shot in the movie 'Brick', which emphasises the different characters' dominance in society and what it resulted to. However, this shot also presents the young man to be helpless as the dead girl on the ground.

Long shot in the movie 'Drive' conveys the main protagonist to be a typical masculine character as the mechanic refers his car to a 'she', which clearly displays the distinction between male and female. This could also mean this reflects women's role in society as being possessions whereby this film clearly is effective in doing so through referring cars as 'she'.

Extreme close up of the movie 'Leon', which the antagonist is showing his colleague who he wants him to get killed and the constant close up and reserve shot of the two characters and this man creates suspense as well as tension.

Medium shot of the movie 'Millers Crossing', which this man is desperate to get help from his friend so he can deal with his business enemy. His bodyguard represents his status in society and how much people feel intimidated by him in some aspects.

Long shot of the movie 'Donnie Darko, which makes the audience wonder if the person laying down on the floor is female or male as well as are they alive. This shot presents us lots of doubts in our mind which shows this shot is effective as it clearly shows that we are engaged in the film through the use of this shot.

Medium shot of the movie 'Se7en', which presents this character to be very fragile and helpless as he is unable to function properly or move things to a sufficient speed which makes the audience feel sorry for him and feel empathy for him.

Close up of the movie 'The Bourne Identity', which presents this main protagonist to be nearly dead or perhaps dead thus presenting men to be helpless and dependent(subverts the gender stereotype thus this clearly shows that men can be vulnerable too not only women).

Close up of the movie 'The Machinist', which presents this character to dominant as he threw someone that he supposedly killed but his scars make him seem helpless in a sense as someone must have punched him thus he is a innocent character. 

Medium shot of the movie 'The Silence of the Lambs', which shows this female is not intimidated by these men and she looks a bit manly through her sweatshirt with sweat covered on it.

Long shot of the movie 'Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy', which the main protagonist gets shot for his betrayal whilst the main antagonist's wife or lover gets shot so he automatically runs for her for his loss- the shots conforms to the stereotype whereby women need to be protected.

Evaluation- what I learnt

From analysing this film, I learnt how men and women tend to be perceived in thriller films and the significance for this. Before I started AS Media, I noticed the stereotypes shown between men and women but I tend to be an 'passive'(Hypodermic needle theory)rather than 'active'(Encoding/Decoding model of communication- Stuart Hall) as I never question what are the implications of this representation in the wider society.